A deeply divided Israel headed to the polls on Tuesday for the first time since Hamas’s Oct 7, 2023 attack, with voters delivering their verdict on veteran Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the country’s rightward drift.
Israelis are casting their ballots in the shadow of three years of multi-front regional wars, with the trauma of the Oct 7 attack still fresh and questions over accountability and security central to the campaign.
The close-fought vote comes as Israel looks increasingly isolated on the world stage, driven by a devastating military campaign in Gaza, soaring settlement construction and violence in the occupied West Bank, along with a move towards hard-right religious nationalism.
The last opinion polls to be published showed Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, running neck and neck with his main centrist rival Gadi Eisenkot, a political novice and former military chief whose mild manner is seen as the antithesis of the incumbent.
“I want change in our country. I want a good democratic centrist government,” Alexandra, 65, told AFP at a Jerusalem polling station, where a few dozen people waited to vote early in the morning.
Some 7.3 million people are eligible to vote, with hundreds of thousands of young people due to cast their ballot for the first time. Surveys show they overwhelmingly identify as centre-right or right-wing.
Tens of thousands of Israelis are estimated to have flown in from abroad to vote in an election seen as crucial to deciding the future character of their country.
“This is the most important election because half the country has rejected the basic values on which the state of Israel was created,” 78-year-old voter Noam told AFP, saying the government was threatening the separation of powers and equality for all citizens.
Netanyahu, 77, has served as Israel’s prime minister on and off for more than 19 years.
The wily political operator focused heavily on his security credentials during his campaign, playing on his relationship with US President Donald Trump and insisting he is the only one who can keep Israelis safe.
In the years since October 7, Netanyahu led multiple wars that have seen Israeli forces reduce Gaza to rubble, occupy southern Lebanon and pummel Iran with US help.
‘Not afraid to take action’
Zipporah Bennett, an 85-year-old retiree, said she was voting for Netanyahu “because he has had the experience of navigating the country through a lot of difficult seasons”, praising his support from the US and adding: “He’s a man who’s not afraid to take action.”
Netanyahu returned to power in December 2022, bringing into his coalition far-right ultra-nationalists who have since seen their political clout skyrocket.
Wearing his trademark noose-shaped lapel pin, far-right National Security Minister Itamar Ben Gvir cast his ballot in the West Bank settlement of Kiryat Arba, where his supporters had set up banners and speakers.
The opposition has scorned Netanyahu for his backing of ultra-Orthodox parties fighting to keep exemptions for religious Jewish students from drafting into the military, which faces personnel shortages.
But one of the biggest criticisms levelled at the premier is his failure to take responsibility for the Oct 7 attack, the deadliest day in the country’s history.
Eisenkot, 66, has pledged to establish an independent state commission of inquiry into the security failures that led to the attack, something Netanyahu’s government has resisted.
Seeking to unseat the premier is an informal bloc of parties led by Eisenkot’s Yashar and spanning from the right to the centre-left.
Eisenkot has vowed to prevent the creation of a Palestinian state and expressed support for Israeli settlements, but has promised to crack down on violent settlers.
Neither Eisenkot nor Netanyahu has publicly said they would partner with the predominantly Arab lists, which represent some 21 per cent of Israel’s population and who could become kingmakers if the results are as close as expected.
Yousef Jabareen, who heads one of the Arab-majority lists, told AFP he hoped for a high turnout among his community to help topple Netanyahu’s coalition, after voting in the northern town of Umm al Fahm.
Most polling stations will close at 10 pm (2000 GMT).
Final results could take days to trickle in and it is highly unlikely that any single party will come close to the 61 seats needed for a majority in the 120-member parliament.
Cobbling together any coalition could take weeks or months, with possible new elections on the horizon if negotiations fail.
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